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Compare Singapore (2001) - New Zealand (2002)

Compare Singapore (2001) z New Zealand (2002)

 Singapore (2001)New Zealand (2002)
 SingaporeNew Zealand
Administrative divisions none 16 regions; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, West Coast
Age structure 0-14 years:
17.89% (male 397,124; female 372,058)

15-64 years:
75.16% (male 1,575,381; female 1,656,838)

65 years and over:
6.95% (male 130,815; female 168,203) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 22.2% (male 443,921; female 422,804)


15-64 years: 66.3% (male 1,299,973; female 1,290,097)


65 years and over: 11.5% (male 196,640; female 254,602) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products rubber, copra, fruit, orchids, vegetables; poultry, eggs, fish, ornamental fish wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish
Airports 9 (2000 est.) 106 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
9

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 46


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 10


914 to 1,523 m: 28


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 67


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 26


under 914 m: 39 (2002)
Area total:
647.5 sq km

land:
637.5 sq km

water:
10 sq km
total: 268,680 sq km


land: NA sq km


water: NA sq km


note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands
Area - comparative slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC about the size of Colorado
Background Founded as a British trading colony in 1819, Singapore joined Malaysia in 1963, but withdrew two years later and became independent. It subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links (its port is one of the world's busiest) and with per capita GDP above that of the leading nations of Western Europe. The Polynesian Maoris reached New Zealand in about the 800 AD. The British proclaimed their sovereignty over the islands in 1840 and began settlement that same year. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.
Birth rate 12.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 14.23 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$18.1 billion

expenditures:
$17.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.5 billion (FY99/00 est.)
revenues: $16.7 billion


expenditures: $16.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01)
Capital Singapore Wellington
Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms temperate with sharp regional contrasts
Coastline 193 km 15,134 km
Constitution 3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution) consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Singapore

conventional short form:
Singapore
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: New Zealand


abbreviation: NZ
Currency Singapore dollar (SGD) New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate 4.24 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.55 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $9.7 billion (2000) $31.1 billion (2001 est.)
Dependent areas - Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant)

embassy:
27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508

mailing address:
PSC Box 470, FPO AP 96534-0001

telephone:
[65] 476-9100

FAX:
[65] 476-9340
chief of mission: Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS


embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington


mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001


telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000


FAX: [64] (4) 478-1701


consulate(s) general: Auckland
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador CHAN Heng Chee

chancery:
3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 537-3100

FAX:
[1] (202) 537-0876

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles, San Francisco

consulate(s):
New York
chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD


chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800


FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international Pedra Branca Island (Pulau Batu Putih) disputed with Malaysia territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $99.7 million (FY00/01)
Economic aid - recipient $NA -
Economy - overview Singapore is blessed with a highly developed and successful free-market economy, a remarkably open and corruption-free business environment, stable prices, and the fifth highest per capita GDP in the world. Exports, particularly in electronics and chemicals, and services are the main drivers of the economy. Mainly because of robust exports, especially electronic goods, the economy grew 10.1% in 2000. Forecasters, however, are projecting only 4%-6% growth in 2001 largely because of weaker global demand, especially in the US. The government promotes high levels of savings and investment through a mandatory savings scheme and spends heavily in education and technology. It also owns government-linked companies (GLCs) - particularly in manufacturing - that operate as commercial entities. As Singapore looks to a future increasingly marked by globalization, the country is positioning itself as the region's financial and high-tech hub. Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, transforming New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. While per capita incomes have been rising, however, they remain below the level of the four largest EU economies, and there is some government concern that New Zealand is not closing the gap. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth, and it has been affected by the global economic slowdown and the slump in commodity prices. Thus far the New Zealand economy has been relatively resilient, achieving about 3% growth in 2001, but the New Zealand business cycle tends to lag the US cycle by about six months, so the worst of the downturn may not hit until mid-2002.
Electricity - consumption 25.464 billion kWh (1999) 33.315 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 27.381 billion kWh (1999) 35.823 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 27%


hydro: 66%


nuclear: 0%


other: 7% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Singapore Strait 0 m

highest point:
Bukit Timah 166 m
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Cook 3,764 m
Environment - current issues industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems; seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Chinese 76.7%, Malay 14%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%
Exchange rates Singapore dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996) New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN (since 1 September 1999)

head of government:
Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November 1990) and Deputy Prime Ministers LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November 1990) and Tony TAN Keng Yam (since 1 August 1995)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 28 August 1999 (next to be held NA August 2005); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president; deputy prime ministers appointed by the president

election results:
Sellapan Rama (S. R.) NATHAN elected president unopposed
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA September 2002)


cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Exports $137 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $14.2 billion (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities machinery and equipment (including electronics), chemicals, mineral fuels dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery
Exports - partners US 19%, Malaysia 17%, Hong Kong 8%, Japan 7%, Taiwan 5%, Thailand 4%, UK 4%, Netherlands 3.8%, China 3%, South Korea 3%, Germany 3% (1999) Australia 20.4%, US 14.5%, Japan 13.5%, UK 5.4%, South Korea, China (2000)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 July - 30 June
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation
GDP purchasing power parity - $109.8 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $75.4 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NEGL%

industry:
30%

services:
70%
agriculture: 8%


industry: 23%


services: 69% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $26,500 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $19,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 10.1% (2000 est.) 3.1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 1 22 N, 103 48 E 41 00 S, 174 00 E
Geography - note focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) 1 (2002)
Highways total:
3,150 km

paved:
3,066 km (including 150 km of expressways)

unpaved:
84 km (2000)
total: 92,200 km


paved: 53,568 km (including at least 144 km of expressways)


unpaved: 38,632 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 0%


highest 10%: 30% (1991 est.)
Illicit drugs as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to use as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering -
Imports $127 billion (f.o.b., 2000) $12.5 billion (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics
Imports - partners US 17%, Japan 17%, Malaysia 16%, Thailand 5%, China 5%, Taiwan 4%, Germany 3%, Saudi Arabia 3% (1999) Australia 22.5%, US 17.5%, Japan 11%, UK 4%, China, Germany (2000)
Independence 9 August 1965 (from Malaysia) 26 September 1907 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 14% (2000 est.) 3% (2001 est.)
Industries electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, biotechnology food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining
Infant mortality rate 3.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 6.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.4% (2000) 2.6% (2001 est.)
International organization participation APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, Australia Group (observer), BIS, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO ABEDA, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 9 (2000) 36 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 2,850 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals High Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force 2.1 million (2000) 1.92 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation financial, business, and other services 35%, manufacturing 21%, construction 13%, transportation and communication 9% services 65%, industry 25%, agriculture 10% (1995) (1995)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
6%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
5%

other:
87% (1993 est.)
arable land: 5.8%


permanent crops: 6.44%


other: 87.76% (1998 est.)
Languages Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official) English (official), Maori (official)
Legal system based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (83 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 2 January 1997 (next to be held by 26 August 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PAP 65% (in contested constituencies), other 35%; seats by party - PAP 81, WP 1, SPP 1; note - subsequent to the election, there was a change in the distribution of seats, the new distribution is as follows: PAP 80, WP 1, SPP 1, vacant 1
unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 27 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NZLP 52, NP 27, NZFP 13, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 9, UF 8, other 2
Life expectancy at birth total population:
80.17 years

male:
77.22 years

female:
83.35 years (2001 est.)
total population: 78.15 years


male: 75.17 years


female: 81.27 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93.5%

male:
97%

female:
89.8% (1999)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99% (1980 est.)


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice

territorial sea:
3 NM
continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
879 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,849,168 GRT/33,215,317 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 134, cargo 111, chemical tanker 63, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 6, container 167, liquefied gas 28, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 4, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 295, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 7, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 33

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1, Bermuda 12, Belgium 6, China 9, Denmark 29, Germany 8, Greece 1, Hong Kong 20, Indonesia 9, Japan 32, South Korea 3, Netherlands 2, Norway 9, Russia 1, Sweden 22, Thailand 22, Taiwan 17, UK 3, US 10 (2000 est.)
total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 68,427 GRT/106,627 DWT


ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $5 billion (FY00/01 est.) $515.6 million (2002 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.5% (FY00/01 est.) 1.2% (FY2001/02)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,316,815 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,010,316 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
959,636 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 850,185 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 26,480 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 9 August (1965) Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality noun:
Singaporean(s)

adjective:
Singapore
noun: New Zealander(s)


adjective: New Zealand
Natural hazards NA earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity
Natural resources fish, deepwater ports natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
Net migration rate 26.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 4.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines - petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 150 km
Political parties and leaders People's Action Party or PAP [GOH Chok Tong, secretary general] - the governing party; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Singapore People's Party or SPP [CHIAM See Tong]; Workers' Party or WP [J. B. JEYARETNAM] ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalition of the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party, and Mana Motuhake) [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [William (Bill) English]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United Future or UF [leader NA]; United New Zealand or UNZ [Peter DUNNE]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 4,300,419 (July 2001 est.) 3,908,037 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 3.5% (2001 est.) 1.12% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Singapore Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 16, shortwave 2 (1998) AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 2.6 million (2000) 3.75 million (1997)
Railways total:
38.6 km

narrow gauge:
38.6 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
there is a 83 km mass transit system with 48 stations
total: 3,908 km


narrow gauge: 3,908 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2001)
Religions Buddhist (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist, Confucianist Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
major consideration given to serving business interests; excellent international service

domestic:
excellent domestic facilities

international:
submarine cables to Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific Ocean region)
general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems


domestic: NA


international: submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 1.928 million (November 2000) 1.92 million (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2.333 million (November 2000) 2.2 million (2000)
Television broadcast stations 6 (2000) 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Total fertility rate 1.22 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.8 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 3% (2000 est.) 5.5% (2001 est.)
Waterways none 1,609 km


note: of little importance in satisfying total transportation requirements
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